You've probably heard the saying that you "don't need to eat the elephant all in one bite" in the context of breaking down larger tasks into smaller ones, but there are a couple of techniques that you can use to improve your productivity no matter what the task. Start by focusing on what's important. You want to be sure that the work you are choosing to do has meaning, and you understand why it's important to you. The importance doesn't always have to be life changing, but knowing that you are choosing to do this task instead of any other saves your brain having to fight the cognitive dissonance battle.
This next part is critical. Stop multitasking and turn off all of the external multitasking enablers, like Outlook toast (those pop-up messages that appear every time you get a new email) and calendar reminders. Put your phone and IM status on Do Not Disturb. You need to create as much of a distraction free environment as possible. The key here is to prepare your mind and put it at ease. With notifications muted, your brain can move from a multitasking, high-alert status to one of
flow.
Once you've settled on the importance of the task and removed distractions, it's time to implement a planned working duration. In a typical
Pomodoro Technique, the duration is usually 25 minutes with a 5 minute break, but it can vary. Time Management Ninja, Craig Jarrow, recommends breaking up large tasks into
10 minute sessions. In fact, 10 minutes is probably a perfect place for you to start even in Pomodoro. Be sure to set an alarm and make it the only reminder that will disturb your work. After just a couple of days of working in these ten minute sessions, you will find that you can purposely extend intervals by 5 minutes more until you can comfortably and successfully work for 45-60 minutes.
Throughout your intervals, you absolutely must take breaks in between sessions. Again, the Pomodoro Technique recommends 5 minute breaks. However, you are going to be working to stretch from 25 minutes to 60 minutes, so taking a 15 minute break between sessions will ultimately prove the most beneficial. It sounds counter-intuitive to only work for 10 minutes and then to take a 15 minute break, but over time this investment will pay its dividends in higher productivity and greater concentration. Alternatively, Scott Tousley, in his post, "
The Unusual Concentration Technique That Transformed How I Worked", recommends working in 90 minute sessions, with 30 minutes breaks between intervals.
One more thing...do something physical during your breaks. If you aren't using a standing desk (and why aren't you?), get up, walk around, and stretch your legs. Studies have shown the benefits of exercise and its positive effects on cognition, including actually
increasing size of the brain's hippocampus, so turn your work breaks into life-long brain enhancements!
Further Reading:
"The Unusual Concentration Technique That Transformed How I Worked" by Scott Tousley
Wikipedia: Pomodoro Technique
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique
"How to Eat an Elephant in 10 Minutes" by Craig Jarrow
http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/01/how-to-eat-an-elephant-in-10-minutes/
"The Positive Psychology of Flow" by Patty O'Grady
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/positive-psychology-in-the-classroom/201310/the-positive-psychology-flow
"Taking a Walk Can Make Your Brain Grow"
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2561708/Taking-walk-makes-brain-grow-Energetic-stroll-three-times-week-increase-size-organs-memory-hub.html